Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: Conformations and sequence determinants in the lipid binding of an adhesive peptide derived from Vibrio cholerae biofilms

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013990

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shown are 3D renderings of confocal images of Caco-2 cells stained with 300 nM of DAPI (blue) for nuclei, 3 μg/mL of FM 4-64 (red) for membranes, and 1.5 µM FITC-labeled peptides (green). The total size of each image is 220 × 220 × 28 µm.

Article Snippet: Human colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells (ATCC HTB-37) were obtained from ATCC and authenticated by ATCC based on morphology, doubling time, and STR profiling.

Techniques: Staining, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Silver nanoparticles at sub-cytotoxic levels increase enteric pathogen invasion by compromising intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1745955

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 10 and 20 µg/mL AgNPs pretreatment on bacterial adhesion, invasion, and persistence in infected T84 epithelial cells. T84 cells were pretreated or 24 hours with 10 nm AgNPs at 10 or 20 µg/mL, followed infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strain 146. (a) Bacterial adhesion, invasion, and persistence were quantified by measuring CFU/mL (as described in M&Ms). (b) Bacterial survival percentage in T84 cells during adhesion, invasion and persistence following AgNPs treatment. Survival was calculated by dividing CFU/mL (as described in M&Ms) for each condition by its corresponding control (set to 100% and therefore not shown as a separate bar) and expressed as a percentage. Bars represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments performed in biological triplicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to respective untreated infection controls (** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005; unpaired t-test).

Article Snippet: Human colon carcinoma T84 epithelial cells (ATCC ® CCL-248TM) were cultured in complete medium composed of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with l-glutamine and HEPES (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 0.1% fungizone (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Silver nanoparticles at sub-cytotoxic levels increase enteric pathogen invasion by compromising intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1745955

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression of genes related to cell-cell junction and epithelial barrier function in T84 cells following AgNPs exposure and bacterial infection. T84 cells were pretreated with 10 nm AgNPs at either 10 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL, alone or in combination with S. enterica under invasion (1 h + gentamicin) or persistence (24 h + gentamicin) conditions. Invasion control consists of infected cells that are not pretreated with AgNPs but treated with gentamicin for 1 hour, while persistence control consists of infected cells not pretreated with AgNPs but treated with gentamicin for 24 hours. Gene expression (as described in M&Ms) was measured using RT² Profiler PCR arrays and is represented as Log 2 fold regulation relative to untreated control cells. (a) Focal adhesion genes, (b) Gap junction genes, (c) Tight junction genes, and (d) Adherens Junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes genes. Bars represent mean ± SE from biological triplicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to uninfected and AgNPs untreated control (p < 0.05) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005; unpaired t-test).

Article Snippet: Human colon carcinoma T84 epithelial cells (ATCC ® CCL-248TM) were cultured in complete medium composed of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with l-glutamine and HEPES (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 0.1% fungizone (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Control, Gene Expression

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Silver nanoparticles at sub-cytotoxic levels increase enteric pathogen invasion by compromising intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1745955

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in T84 epithelial cells following AgNPs exposure and bacterial infection. Cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of T84 cells pretreated with 10 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL of 10 nm AgNPs and exposed to S. enterica under invasion or persistence conditions. (a) Pro-inflammatory cytokines and (b) Anti-inflammatory cytokine. Bars represent mean ± SE from biological triplicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to uninfected and AgNPs untreated control (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human colon carcinoma T84 epithelial cells (ATCC ® CCL-248TM) were cultured in complete medium composed of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with l-glutamine and HEPES (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 0.1% fungizone (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Infection, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Silver nanoparticles at sub-cytotoxic levels increase enteric pathogen invasion by compromising intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1745955

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration of growth factors, chemokines, and Th2 cytokines in T84 epithelial cells following AgNPs exposure and bacterial infection. T84 cells were treated with 10 nm AgNPs at 10 µg/mL or 20 µg/mL, either alone or in combination with S. enterica invasion or persistence. Invasion control consisted of infected cells that were not pretreated with AgNPs but treated with gentamicin for 1 hour, while persistence control consisted of infected cells not pretreated with AgNPs but treated with gentamicin for 24 hours. (a) Growth factors, (b) chemokines, and (c) Th2 cytokines. Bars represent mean ± SE from biological triplicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to control (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human colon carcinoma T84 epithelial cells (ATCC ® CCL-248TM) were cultured in complete medium composed of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with l-glutamine and HEPES (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 0.1% fungizone (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Infection, Control

Journal: Journal of Biological Engineering

Article Title: Hydrogel-mediated tri-modal nanoplatform for localized colorectal cancer therapy via smart chemo–photothermal–radiotherapy

doi: 10.1186/s13036-026-00633-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic response and intracellular ROS levels induced by the multimodal hydrogel nanoplatform in CRC and normal colon cell models. (A) Dose–response curve of free 5-FU in HCT-116 cells after 48 h, determined by MTT assay and used to define the experimental IC₅₀. Cell viability was normalized to the Ctrl. For visualization on a logarithmic x-axis, the Ctrl condition is plotted at a nominal concentration of 0.1 µg mL⁻¹. (B–D) MTT-based cell viability after 48 h treatment in (B) HCT-116, (C) SW480, and (D) normal human colon epithelial NCM460 cells. Treatment groups include Ctrl, free 5-FU (5FU), non-targeted nanoparticles (NP), HA-targeted nanoparticles (tNP), blank hydrogel (Gel), hydrogel-loaded targeted nanoparticles (Gel-tNP), and Gel-tNP combined with near-infrared irradiation (NIR, 808 nm), X-ray irradiation (XR, 2 Gy), or both. All treatments were administered at an equivalent 5-FU concentration corresponding to the IC₅₀ determined in panel (A). (E) Intracellular ROS levels in HCT-116 cells measured after 48 h using CellROX™ Deep Red and expressed as fold change relative to Ctrl. Data are mean ± SD ( n = 3). Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA with multiple-comparisons post-hoc testing. Asterisks indicate comparisons vs. Ctrl (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001). Brackets indicate the specific intergroup comparisons shown (e.g., dual-modal vs. tri-modal where indicated). “ns” denotes not significant

Article Snippet: The cytotoxicity of all treatment groups was evaluated using an MTT assay in two CRC cell lines and one normal human colon epithelial cell model. HCT-116 human colorectal carcinoma cells (ATCC ® CCL-247TM, American Type Culture Collection, USA) and SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (ATCC ® CCL-228TM, American Type Culture Collection, USA) were used as CRC models, and normal human colon epithelial cells NCM460 (NCM460DTM; INCELL Corporation LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA) were used to provide an initial in-vitro assessment of relative tolerance in non-malignant colon epithelium.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Concentration Assay, Irradiation